NutritionValue.Org - Nutrition facts exposedĬopyright 2022 NutritionValue. This page may contain affiliate links to products through which we earn commission used to support this website development and operations.ĭata from USDA National Nutrient Database.Ĭontribute to this site | Contact webmaster Nutritional value of a cooked product is provided for the given weight of cooked food. Nutrition labels presented on this site is for illustration purposes only.įood images may show a similar or a related product and are not meant to be used for food identification. Please consult with your doctor before making any changes to your diet. Recommended daily intake of essential aminoacids is provided for 180 lbs person.Īctual daily nutrient requirements might be different based on your age, gender, level of physical activity, medical history and other factors.Īll data displayed on this site is for general informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute of a doctor's advice. nutrition facts and analysis.ĭaily values are based on a 2000 calorie a day diet. A classic treat and just the right ratio of savory to sweet. Nice!, magic mix trail mix by Walgreens Co. The perfect desk or car ride staple, Nice® Magic Trail Mix is best to have on hand at all times. Peanut butter flavored drops (sugar palm kernel and palm oil, partially defatted peanut flour, whey powder, nonfat dry milk, peanuts, anhydrous dextrose, salt, soy lecithin)įoods related to nice!, magic mix trail mix by walgreens co.Īny suggestions on how to make this website better. However, as evidenced in the attached, there were on a few traces of any of these nuts. As per the product label it should have contained Walnuts and toasted Cashews. Back To Nature Harvest Blend One serving: 1/4 cup, 160 calories, 11 g fat, 1 g saturated fat, 14 g carbohydrates, 3 g fiber, 10 g sugars, 0 g added sugar, 5 g protein, 0 mg sodium If youre looking for no added sugar and no added salt, Back to Natures Harvest Blend should be your pick. Both packages did not contain nuts as advertised. Bought 2 packs at Walgreens at 95 Wall Street NY NY. Semisweet chocolate chips (sugar, chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, dextrose, soy lecithin, vanillin ) Walgreens review: Nice High energy trail mix. M&m's milk chocolate candies (milk chocolate, sugar, cornstarch, less than 1% of corn syrup, dextrin, coloring, gum acacia) nutrition facts and analysis per 3 tbsp (30.0 g) 4.18 Nice Magic Trail Mix 9 oz Magic trail mix. Nice!, magic mix trail mix by Walgreens Co. Nature Valley Crunchy Granola Bars 6 pack 1.5 oz Crunchy granola bars. Easy on the go ready to eat snack, peanuts, milk chocolate peanut butter cups, peanut butter flavored candies, almonds and cashews trail mix.
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You can do it from Terminal by typing sudo reboot Now, let’s restart the machine, just to make sure :). Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI Let’s delete this document’s content and replace it with the following (IMPORTANT: replace “relizont” with your home folder name) Or, if you prefer a graphical text editor and you’re using Ubuntu, you can open the file with Gedit, like so: sudo gedit nf Let’s open that file using the Nano terminal text editor, like so: sudo nano nf This way we can see the content of the folder, which should be: nf Once done, let’s make this folder available for Apache cd /etc/apache2/sites-available Open your terminal , and type: mkdir ~/Workspace Let’s do it, it’s simple! First of all, let’s create a new folder. This way we don’t need to mess with permissions for the /var/www folder. Step 6: Use a local folder for PHP developmentĪs I wrote above, we are going to use a home folder for PHP development. Then restart apache sudo systemctl restart apache2 Then add the following line to the end of the file. You will need to configure your nf to make phpMyAdmin works. Now, if you go to you should see the familiar page. (note that in this case it is not strictly needed to press spacebar and tab, we could just press enter, but now you know how to navigate these dialogs)Īnd in the following screens, enter the mysql username and password you’ve chosen earlier (in my case, they both are root)Īgain, just to be sure, once the installation is finished you can restart the server. Just press spacebar and using tab highlight Ok, then press Enter Step 5: Install phpmyadmin sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin Remember that in Ubuntu by default your local php webpages need to be uploaded in the /var/Then, just to be safe, restart the Apache2 server: sudo systemctl restart apache2 Step 4: Install PHP and its main modules for interaction with MySQL sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mysql Let’s also make sure an important module for Apache is active (the one that rewrites URLs, useful for pretty s) sudo a2enmod rewrite Now by visiting with your browser you should see an Apache 2 Ubuntu Default Page. Step 3: Install Apache sudo apt-get install apache2 You will be asked to select a root username and password I usually type “root” for both, so it’s easy to remember. Step 2: Install MySql sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client Open your terminal by opening the dash (Using the Super/Windows key) and typing “terminal”, then type: sudo apt-get update Install Apache, MySql, Php, Phpmyadmin (Ubuntu 14 and above) Step 1: Update and Upgrade your system Hs.window.find(hint) -> hs.window object(s) A list containing hs.window objects representing all windows that are visible as per hs.window:isVisible().Hs.window.visibleWindows() -> list of hs.window objects value - The number of seconds for the new timeout value.Sets the timeout value used in the accessibility API. Because the window ID cannot always be dynamically determined, this function will allow you to provide the ID of a window that was cached earlier.hs.image object of the window snapshot or nil if unable to create a snapshot.keepTransparency - optional boolean value indicating if the windows alpha value (transparency) should be maintained in the resulting image or if it should be fully opaque (default).ID - Window ID of the window to take a snapshot of.Returns a snapshot of the window specified by the ID as an `hs.image` object Hs.window.snapshotForID(ID ) -> hs.image-object This function uses a private, undocumented OS X API call, so it is not guaranteed to work in any future OS X release.shadows - A boolean, true to show window shadows, false to hide window shadows.A list of hs.window objects representing all visible windows, ordered from front to back.Returns all visible windows, ordered from front to back Hs.window.orderedWindows() -> list of hs.window objects A list containing hs.window objects representing all windows that are minimized as per hs.window:isMinimized().Hs.window.minimizedWindows() -> list of hs.window objects This allows you to get window information without Accessibility Permissions.true is succesful otherwise false if an error occured.allWindows - Get all the windows, even those "below" the Dock window.Gets a table containing all the window data retrieved from `CGWindowListCreate`. A list containing hs.window objects representing all windows that are not visible as per hs.window:isVisible().Hs.window.invisibleWindows() -> list of hs.window objects The desktop is filtered out from hs.window.allWindows() (and downstream uses).The desktop window has no id, a role of AXScrollArea and no subrole.The desktop belongs to Finder.app: when Finder is the active application, you can focus the desktop by cycling.An hs.window object representing the desktop, or nil if Finder is not running.things that are on different Spaces, or things that are Full Screen Some windows will not be reported by OSX - e.g.The default windowfilter ( hs.) which filters out known cases of not-actual-windows In order to avoid such surprises you can use the hs.window.filter module, and more specifically Status bar therefore you might get unexpected results - in the Chrome example, calling hs.window.focusWindowSouth()įrom a Chrome window would end up "focusing" its status bar, and therefore the proper window itself, seemingly resulting "windows" that one wouldn't expect: for example, every Google Chrome (actual) window has a companion window for its Beside the limitations discussed above, this function will return all windows as reported by OSX, including some.Hs.application.get'Finder':allWindows() will include the desktop in the returned list) This function filters out the desktop "window" use hs.sktop() to address it. minimized windows and hidden windows (i.e.if Displays have separate Spaces is on (in System Preferences>Mission Control) the current Space is definedĪs the union of all currently visible Spaces.This function can only return windows in the current Mission Control Space if you need to address windows acrossĭifferent Spaces you can use the hs.window.filter module.Performance is not acceptable consider using the hs.window.filter module This function queries all applications for their windows every time it is invoked if you need to call it a lot and.Modules make use of this function, so it is important to understand its limitations visibleWindows(), orderedWindows(), get(), find(), and several more functions and methods in this and other.A list of hs.window objects representing all open windows.Hs.window.allWindows() -> list of hs.window objects Using `hs.window:setFrame()` in some cases does not work as expected: namely, the bottom (or Dock) edge, and edges between screens, might Initial value is 0.2 set to 0 to disable animations. The default duration for animations, in seconds. Methods - API calls which can only be made on an object returned by a constructorĪPI Documentation Variables animationDuration Signature.Constructors - API calls which return an object, typically one that offers API methods.Functions - API calls offered directly by the extension.See hs.screen and hs.geometry for more information on how Hammerspoon uses window/screen frames and coordinates.Hammerspoon docs: hs.window docs » hs.window Similarly, apply a thin glaze of permanent rose on a white surface and a brilliant pink will be the outcome. Apply a thin glaze of ultramarine on a white surface, and a brilliant blue will result. These colors, being transparent in nature will need careful selection of an opaque color to provide body and covering power if this is needed.īeware that mixing a translucent color with titanium white (which has high RI) will not bring a paler version of the hue. Pigments that are more translucent in nature are: permanent rose, permanent crimson, alizarin crimson, dioxazine blue, ultramarine, pthalo blue, Prussian blue, viridian green, terre verte, sap green, burnt sienna, raw sienna and raw umber. For this reason, translucent pigments are ideal for glazing techniques, as the color beneath is still visible. If the same pigment were applied onto a dark or black background, most of the light would be absorbed, causing the color to appear dull. A transparent pigment applied onto a white ground will appear brilliant, because some of the white surface beneath reflects the light back. Translucent pigments exhibit a different behavior to opaque pigments when mixed with other colors or applied in art. This is due to the transparent nature of the final layer of paint. Earlier alterations to a painting can be seen beneath a final layer of paint, particularly in early 20th century art. The tendency for some pigments to dry translucent than when it was wet is called pentimento. High refractive indices equal high opacity. Substances (or pigment powder) that have a high ability to bend light in different directions (or to scatter light) have high refractive indices (or RI). This is because they are suspended in a highly-refractive medium. Looking through a microscope, the pigment will appear transparent. It is the scattered light rather than the pigment particles themselves that causes opacity. Pigments that have high opacity comprise of ground powder that causes light to scatter in different directions. The refraction indices of the pigment (explained next) The amount of medium used with the paint. The power of a chosen pigment to cover what is beneath is determined by several factors, namely being: Different pigments will have particles of different sizes and this will determine how much medium will be needed to make the paint flow. Paint is a suspension of tiny colored particles (or powder) within a medium, which might be polymer, oil or alkyd. Moreover, in this game, players can race with friends or with a public lobby to receive many attractive rewards and have great progress in the ranking system.Ī SIMPLE AND ADDICTIVE GAMEPLAY FOR ALL AGES It is a sequel to its previous game, with many improvements such as graphics, gameplay, and controls. And today, I will present to you a game with all characteristics of the above, even more outstanding, that is, Hill Climb Racing 2. These games also give players more exciting features for a great experience, like character customization, and enjoy a wide variety of maps with friends. Furthermore, its gameplay should be endless and easily updated with new things for players to entertain. Games with downloads of over 100 million are usually games with simple gameplay, friendly graphics, and suitable for players of all ages. Comment on the quality of mods.Hill Climb Racing 2 (MOD, Unlimited Coins/Diamonds) will bring many intriguing challenges to test the player's ability to balance vehicles on hilly roads. The original file is also uploaded so that you can install the original version whenever feel like it. I have uploaded the Original mod and mirror file if you have a problem downloading these mods. Download the game and enjoy its unlimited features. Hill Climb Racing 2 MOD APK & Hill Climb Racing MOD APK direct download link is available down below. The game graphics are compatible with high as well as low graphic devices.Lovely graphics with flexible physics simulation.When you accelerate the engine, you will realize the real engine turbo.You have the option to show your score with your friends through screenshots.You can unlock a lot of cars using coins.Real fun to play on uphill and downhill while driving your 4×4 vehicle.Some of the notable features of Hill Climb Racing 2 Mod Apk are as follows: The suspension of your vehicle can also be improved.You can upgrade the 4×4 suspension system.Unlock different types of vehicles, which include motorbikes, snow bikes, quad bikes, and Hovercrafts.Upgrade the current engine of your jeep.There would be no ads shown during gameplay.Once you download the Hill Climb Racing 2 Mod, you can get: So obviously, you will be cheating Hill Climb Racing 2 for infinite coins, fuel, and gems so that you can buy whatever you want to do at the store. You can buy many accessories such as tires, upgrade your 4 × 4 wheeler engine, 4 × 4 transmission system upgrade and suspension, and more. These could be quite useful if you were playing a Hill Climb Racing 2 hack Apk once you will be collecting a bonus coin. Once you flip your 4 × 4 wheeler, this is the end of the game for you, and you need to restart to start the game. You need to be careful about your fuel level because it can go down very quickly if you are driving too slowly.īut be careful when driving too fast as you can get your 4 × 4 where the hill turns over. On your way, you need to collect bonus coins. The essence of Hill Climb Racing 2 MOD APK involves you driving a 4 × 4 wheeler up a hill and then increasing the number of bridges, sometimes going down hills and then going up hills again. You can get this game for free from the Google play store. The game is such fun that it equally attracts kids as well as adults. It is one of the best and most downloaded android games on the Google Play store, with over fifty million downloads till now. How To Install Hill Climb Racing 2 Mod APK.Features Of Hill Climb Racing 2 Mod APK. It may not inspire as much awe as its more famous and much larger neighbor, Lake Tahoe, but it’s peaceful and gorgeous at any time of the day. Fallen Leaf Lakeįallen Leaf Lake is about a 10-minute walk from the campground. South Lake Tahoe is less than 10 minutes away by car, and we loved being able to go there for lunch at Sprouts Cafe (one of our favorite stops!) and knowing that supermarkets and pharmacies were nearby if we needed something. It wasn’t a problem for us at all, but if you really want to feel isolated, you might want to try the tent/RV sites located along the edge of the campground. The only downside to the yurts is that they’re near the bathrooms, which means that they’re also close to other campsites. The rest of the site is the same as the tent/RV sites: there’s a large picnic table, bear box, fire pit, etc. There was also a nice area behind our yurt for our kids to play with no other campsites behind us. Besides the novelty (for us anyway) of staying in a yurt, they’re great because there’s a heater and beds. There are only a few yurts at the campground, and we’re so glad we were able to stay in one. Read more: A Guide to Visiting Pinnacles National Park The yurts Our favorites are the even numbers 58-70, #7 next to the bike trail, or 94 & 95 for the views. If you decide to reserve a campsite, try one of the sites around the perimeter. Once we got used to it, it was totally fine. See the bottom of this post for info on the bears, but basically, you have to keep everything scented (food and toiletries) inside the bear box, and the box must be closed when you’re not actively taking things in and out. The campground also has private bathrooms with coin-operated showers with plenty of hot water.Įach site has a large space for a tent (even a huge one like ours!), a long picnic table, a fire pit, and a bear box, which must be used. The sites are close to water taps and bathrooms that have flush toilets and sinks (but no soap or towels). We stayed in a busier part of the park and still felt like we had enough space between us and our neighbors. Most of the 206 campsites are spacious and not too close to neighboring sites. Read more: First Time Camping Tips & GearĪnd my recommendations for camping gear: (click the photos for more info) Well, it was a-ma-zing, and I can’t stop raving about it! Here’s why Fallen Leaf Lake Campground is our new favorite campground in Northern California (see the bottom of this post for some other favorites). It was my mom’s idea to try Fallen Leaf Lake Campground, which I’d heard great things about from lots of big-time campers. Some years, we’ve stayed in a cabin, but this year we decided on tent camping for two nights and a yurt for the third. We have a tradition of taking a camping trip with my mom and stepdad every summer - they have an Airstream, so we book side-by-side campsites. Last summer ended the best way possible: a family camping trip. KOA Cloverdale: peaceful campground in wine country with nice nature walks right from the campsites.Basalt Campground (there’s not much around here but it’s very peaceful and has very nice bathrooms!).Taylor SP in Marin: Redwoods and close to Point Reyes National Seashore Manzanita Lake at Lassen National Park (Manzanita Lake has cabins and beautiful hikes from the campground).Bothe State Park in Napa Valley (tents, RVs, yurts and cabins!).Sunset State Beach: right on the beach with views of Monterey Bay, but you have to reserve early.But I also recommend these Northern California campgrounds: This blog post is about our favorite Northern California campground, Fallen Leaf Lake. Ravage Health, Stamina and Reduce Spell Crit. With the right guidance and information, maxing out the Alchemy skill can be conquered in no time. Restorative potions can help ensure the Dragonborn is always in the best physical condition. Lethal poisons can down some enemies in seconds. Ravage Health (Ravage Magicka, Reduce Spell Crit.) RELATED: Skyrim: Best Alchemy Recipes (& What They Do) However, for players who stick with it, Alchemy can be immensely rewarding. Ravage Health (Ravage Magicka and Stamina) Ravage Health (Longer Increase weapon damage) Skyrim Alchemy Potion Bottle Ingredients custom made, EVERY SINGLE INGREDIENT in the game 1. Ravage Health (Increase Spell Dmg, Reduce Spell Resistance) Ravage Health (Increase spell damage and Restore Magicka) Ravage Health (Increase Detection, Increase Spell Dmg) Ravage Health and Magicka, Reduce Spell Crit. Ravage Health (Super Ravage Health Potion) Ravage Health (Super Ravage Health potion) Ravage Health (largest amount and longest lasting) Invisible (Restore Health, Reduce spell Damage) Invisibility, Increase Spell Crit., Restore Health Take the western path back up to Windhelm, picking all the ingredients up along the way. Walk down to Darkwater crossing, picking the Jazbay Grapes and Dragon Tongue along the way. Cart to Windhelm and 'help pick crops'/steal all the wheat. Invisible (Increase spell crit., Restore Health) Go into Markarth, go to the alchemist lady and buy salt. I’m level 101 now, and I just received a message that i could go to the chef of each hold and learn secret recipes. Restore Health (Increase time and amount), Restore Stamina Sorry about that I can tell you that you get new recipes every 25 levels. Restore Health, Restore Stamina (increase time and amount) youll need a rare elixir called the Potion of Clearance, a single-use consumable item. By default it will show the recipes which discover the effects of the ingredient, for example, given 'Glow Dust' it will find the three unique recipes which will discover all 4 of the Glow Dust ingredient's effects. Restore Health (increase time and amount), Restore Magicka Unturned ID List Minecraft ID List Skyrim Item Codes Witcher 3. Skyrim: Alchemy Recipe Helper This web application is able to find all the recipe combinations for a given ingredient. Restore Health, Restore Magicka (increase time and amt) Increases cost of stamina abilities, Applies Minor Main to self Reagent 3 (At Alchemy level 15, Laboratory Use Skill) The more advanced potions will include three reagents and one solvent. Statements and footage within the video may be inaccurate, outdated, incomplete, or otherwise misleading to viewers.Īll recipes must include two reagents and one solvent. This article contains video content produced by Fandom with some or no input from editors of The Elder Scrolls Wiki, and may not properly represent the scope of the written article below. The typical image of a lighthouse keeper is a solitary, grizzled white man in a rain slicker, but the reality was more complex. This document included instructions for keeping the lighthouse in working order and emergency response, but also instructions about matters of daily life, including standards of conduct and the required use of the official Lighthouse Service uniform. Starting in the 19 th century, the Lighthouse Service periodically provided guidance and requirements for its employees, such as the 1927 Instructions to Employees of the United States Lighthouse Service. During severe storms, the light had to be kept in operation 24 hours a day until the storm was over. The most obvious part of the keeper’s duties was to keep the light operating according to the daily schedule, which would vary from station to station, depending on geographic location, typical weather conditions, and other factors. Although a keeper was responsible for making repairs and well as other routine duties, each one also had to be prepared to respond to emergencies, including shipwrecks. Typically, the keeper’s day began before dawn and ended well past dusk. Coast Guard took over responsibility in 1939.Ī keeper’s job was not quite a 24-hour job, but it could be. The care of the nation’s lighthouses moved from agency to agency until 1910, when Congress created the Bureau of Lighthouses. Lighthouse keepers became civil service employees in 1896. Keepers at first worked under the authority of a local Collector of Customs, though the Collector’s role declined over time as the business of maintaining lighthouses became more professionalized. The Service was the first Public Works Act of the first United States Congress it authorized the transfer of existing lighthouses from the jurisdiction of individual states to the federal government. For visitors who can make it to the top of the lighthouse, a signed card awaits them t-shirts with Grover’s face are also available in the gift shop.Most lighthouse keepers as we think of them were employees of the United States Lighthouse Service, founded in 1789. The article also documents parts of his weekly routine, including counting the steps in Spanish - something that he told the reports serves a dual purpose: mental acuity and reminding him to take his time. After her death, he became involved in volunteering - both at the lighthouse and, for a time, Boardwalk Hall. He’s a longtime resident of Atlantic City, and spent 22 years working as a postal carrier before traveling the world with his wife. And for his part, Grover has been making the walk every week since he was 82.Ī new article at NJ.com delves into Grover’s own history and how he came to be involved with the lighthouse. The lighthouse has a few notable features - it’s the tallest lighthouse in the state and the third tallest in the country. Grover is a volunteer lighthouse keeper at the Absecon Lighthouse, located in southern New Jersey. How does the prospect of climbing 228 steps - the equivalent of 17 stories - on a winding staircase to the top of a historic lighthouse sound? I’ll be honest - I would describe this as “daunting,” and I’m less than half as old as Buddy Grover, 94 years of age, who makes this trip every week as part of his everyday duties. Further InformationĪudioRanger is part of the Tagger Affiliate Program. Support for AudioRanger is available at the AudioRanger website. Music Tag Editor is a brand new application designed to simplify the process of editing Mp3, Mp4, M4a, M4p, Ogg, Flac and Wma audio tag or grabbing album. 115 audio tag fields, including Title, Artist, Album Artist, Album, Track number, Disc number, Release date, Artwork, Genre, Rating, Lyrics, Part of compilation, Comment, Record label, Release country and many many more SupportĪudioRanger is not an official MusicBrainz product.9 audio tag formats, including ID3v1, ID3v2, Ape, Vorbis Comments, MP4 metadata, ASF metadata and Lyrics3.15 audio file formats, including MP3, M4A, FLAC, OGG, WMA, WAV and AIFF.It's possible to use different name patterns for single artist albums, compilation albums and single tracks.ĪudioRanger can automatically identify and remove duplicate songs when adding new files to your music library.Īll audio formats, tags and fields supported (Free version: limited number of files per day)ĪudioRanger can automatically search and add album artwork to audio files, using the Cover Art Archive and other popular legal online sources to obtain high resolution album artwork.ĪudioRanger allows batch-editing of audio files in a versatile spreadsheet view supporting Undo, Redo, Cut, Copy, Paste, Find, Replace, Import, Export, Swap, and much more.ĪudioRanger supports highly configurable file and folder name patterns to organize your music library. Song tab has all the files in your system and you can long press to select multiple files. The app indexes all the audio files and arranges them in different tabs based on location, date created, Album, Artists etc. It analyzes the actual music of the audio files, considers already existing metadata, file name patterns and folder hierarchies, and completes missing information with data obtained from online music databases like MusicBrainz and AcoustID. Star Music Tag Editor lets you edit multiple files at once with the option to edit each parameter individually. FeaturesĪudioRanger can automatically identify, tag and organize audio files. A feature-rich free version is available. the artist, album, year and genre of all files of an album typically have the same values and can be set together Generate tags from. App will help you organize your music collection with ease, process, and auto-tag music files in single or batch. Edit tags in MP3, Ogg/Vorbis, DSF, FLAC, Monkey’s Audio, MPC, MP4/AAC, MP2, Opus, Speex, TrueAudio, WavPack, WMA/WMV, WAV, AIFF files and tracker modules (MOD, S3M, IT, XM) Edit tags of multiple files, e.g. It supports all commonly used audio file formats. The description of Zortam Mp3 Tag Editor App. AudioRanger is a music tagger designed to automatically identify and organize audio files and entire music collections. So if A has one heart, B two, C four and D six, A will receive 2 chips from B, 4 from C and six from D making 12 in toto. Otherwise, the player with the lowest number of hearts wins and the others pay that player in chips the number of hearts they took. If a player revokes, they lose the trick and pay the pre-agreed penalty in chips.Ī player taking all 13 hearts pays 13 chips: four to each opponent and one to the table. The trick is won by the highest card of the led suit and the trick winner leads to the next trick. Players must follow suit if able otherwise may discard any card. If cards are faced in the pack, the dealer reshuffles, offers it for the cut and re-deals.Įldest hand (left of the dealer) leads to the first trick. If cards are misdealt, the deal passes to the left. The pack is shuffled by the dealer, cut by the player to their right and then dealt clockwise beginning with the player left of the dealer until each player has thirteen cards. Players draw a fixed number of chips, typically 25 or 50, which may or may not have a monetary value. A standard 52-card pack of English pattern cards is used, cards ranking in from Ace (high) down to the two. The aim is to avoid taking any cards of the heart suit in tricks. The game is usually played by four players, but three to six can be accommodated (see below). The following rules are based on those published in The Standard Hoyle of 1887. The game has increased in popularity through Internet gaming sites which, however, usually offer the Black Lady variant while still calling it Hearts, whereas most books maintain the distinction between the two games. Meanwhile, in Britain the game of Black Maria, with its additional penalty cards in the suit of spades, emerged in 1939 and, both it and another offshoot, Omnibus Hearts, are "sufficiently different and popular to justify descriptions as separate games." Today this feature is a common element of modern Black Lady. The slam is known as "shooting the moon" and first appeared in Britain in 1939 in a variant of Hearts called Hitting the Moon. In the 1920s, the J ♦ variation (ten positive points) was introduced, and sometime later the scoring was reversed so that penalty points were expressed as positive instead of negative. To begin with, Black Lady did not have the option of "shooting the moon" that came later. This new variant has since become the standard game of the Hearts group in America where it is often, somewhat confusingly, also called "Hearts". In 1909, the Q ♠ was added as the highest penalty card in a variant called either Discard Hearts, after the new feature of passing unwanted cards to other players after the deal, or Black Lady, after the nickname for the Q ♠. The second scoring scheme was: Ace 5, King 4, Queen 3, Jack 2 and all pips 1 chip each. The first was the precursor to Spot Hearts whereby the cards of the heart suit cost the following in chips: Ace 14, King 13, Queen 12, Jack 11 and pip cards their face value. Two scoring variants were mentioned under the name 'Double or Eagle Game'. The basic format has changed little since. It was a no-trump, trick-taking game for four players using a full pack of cards, the aim being to avoid taking any hearts in tricks. It described Hearts as "a most pleasant game, highly provocative of laughter". Hearts itself emerged in the United States during the 1880s, The Standard Hoyle of 1887 reporting that it had only been played there for "the last five years" and was "probably of German origin". A similar game called "Four Jacks" centred around avoiding any trick containing a Jack, which were worth one penalty point, and J ♠ worth two. In this game, a penalty point was awarded for each trick won, plus additional points for taking J ♥ or Q ♥ in tricks. The game of Hearts probably originated with Reversis, which became popular around 1750 in Spain. The original game of Hearts is still current, but has been overtaken in popularity by Black Lady in the United States and Black Maria in Great Britain. The game is a member of the Whist group of trick-taking games (which also includes Bridge and Spades), but is unusual among Whist variants in that it is a trick-avoidance game players avoid winning certain penalty cards in tricks, usually by avoiding winning tricks altogether. It was first recorded in America in the 1880s and has many variants, some of which are also referred to as "Hearts" especially the games of Black Lady and Black Maria. Hearts is an "evasion-type" trick-taking playing card game for four players, although most variations can accommodate between three and six players. Notes: Hearts, while not trump, award one penalty point each, hence the game's name. 52-card (51 or 54 for 3 or 6 players, 50 for 5) |
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